George Mitchell
Peace Talks Chairman
Former U.S. Senator George Mitchell has made quite a name for himself in a different political arena since he was appointed independent chairman of the Northern Ireland all-party peace talks. And talks representatives of all hues praise the Maine native’s evenhandedness and steady leadership, which has been much in evidence over the past year.
It was a difficult task, some would say impossible, but Mitchell played no small part in successfully getting unionists (Protestants) and nationalists (Catholics) to sit at the one debating table in Belfast.
Mitchell, a former Democratic senator and Senate majority leader, had previously been President Clinton’s economic adviser on Ireland, and he subsequently chaired the International Body on Decommissioning in Northern Ireland.
Descended from Irish grandparents, Mitchell has long had an interest in Irish affairs which shows no sign of abating. Even a lengthy separation from his baby son Andrew MacLachlan Mitchell, born in September 1997 to Mitchell’s second wife, Heather, has not caused him to waver in his Irish duties.
As he explained to reporters shortly after his son’s birth, “Obviously it’s difficult being apart but…I’m committed to this process here…and I want to see it through.”
Tom Moran
Community Leader
One of the most familiar faces in Irish American philanthropy, Tom Moran has long been involved in numerous humanitarian and community causes, including the Emerald Isle Immigration Center and Project Children, which annually brings children from Northern Ireland to the U.S. for vacations. He is a past recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor and the Calvary Medal.
By day the president and chief executive officer of Mutual of America, Moran also serves on the board of the National Center for Disability Services, one of his favorite organizations.
Other organizations of which he is a board member include the National Committee on American Foreign Policy, the Life Insurance Council of New York, the University College Dublin Graduate School of Business and his alma mater, Manhattan College. He is also a member of the Ireland Chamber of Commerce in the U.S.A. (ICCUSA).
Moran travels to Ireland frequently for both business and pleasure. His ancestors come from Counties Cavan and Fermanagh. He lives in New York City with his wife Joan.
Bob Moriarty
East Harlem Partnership for Change
Bob Moriarty is definitely what you could call “a tireless organizer.” As the organizer for a coalition of churches and community groups known as the East Harlem Partnership for Change, Moriarty ran an employment program that resulted in the creation of over 100 jobs for members of the coalition.
He also started a campaign to save the area’s only Little League baseball fields from being lost to development. Moriarty is also involved with the Industrial Areas Foundation.
Born in Chicago, Moriarty studied communications at Northwestern University as an Evans Scholar.
Moriarty says he draws his inspiration from his grandmother, who left her Donegal home at the age of 19 and emigrated to the U.S. He credits her “fighting spirit” and strong sense of fairness as the chief factors which motivated him and his family towards good deeds. Moriarty’s grandfather was from Co. Kerry. In 1993, he himself visited Ireland for three weeks.
Bruce Morrison
Federal Housing Finance Board
In Irish and Irish American circles he needs no introduction. His Morrison Visa program, enacted while he was in Congress, gave thousands of undocumented Irish immigrants a chance to obtain legal status in the U.S.
And his service to the Irish didn’t stop there. As a leader of a delegation of Irish Americans in 1994, he helped facilitate the 1994 ceasefire by the Irish Republican Army.
From 1983 to 1991, Bruce Morrison represented the third district of Connecticut in the House of Representatives. It was here that he began his work on Irish issues. Known as an aggressive defender of human rights around the world, he served as co-chair of the Ad Hoc Committee on Irish Affairs in the Congress.
In 1992, he was chairman of Irish Americans for Clinton-Gore and helped develop the campaign’s Irish agenda. In 1993, he helped found and became chair of Americans for a New Irish Agenda.
Before serving in Congress, Morrison was executive director of the New Haven Legal Assistance Association. The agency received national acclaim under his leadership.
In 1992, he established the law firm of Morrison and Swaine in New Haven, Connecticut, specializing in immigration issues and international trade and investment. In addition to being Federal Housing Finance Board chairman, Morrison currently serves on the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform and continues as an active negotiator of the peace process in Ireland.
He holds a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a master’s degree in organic chemistry from the University of Illinois. He is a 1973 graduate of Yale Law School. Morrison and his wife, Nancy, have one son, Drew, and live in Bethesda, Maryland.
Aimee Mullins
Athlete
Only 23 years old, Aimee Mullins holds world records in the 100 meter and 200 meter dash and long jump for the disabled. Academically, she was one of only three nationally chosen high school students to receive full ride scholarships from the U.S. Defense Department based on school performance and interviews.
But the most important record attained by Mullins is that her determination and courage will forever mark her out for acclaim. As a double below-the-knee amputee, she has pushed her body beyond the limits of endurance, in the process achieving what many thought was impossible.
Due to graduate this spring from Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service, Mullins decided in 1995 that she wanted to compete in track and field for the school. The following year she competed at the U.S. Paralympics in Atlanta and is now gearing up for the Sydney games in two years.
Mullins’ drive and energy is also focused on other areas of her life, and she is currently writing a book on athletics, beauty and motivation.
She says: “I want to do projects that challenge people’s idea of beauty and the myth that disabled people are less capable, less interesting. I want to expose people to my disability as something they can’t pity or fear or closet, but something that they accept and maybe want to emulate. To me, beauty is when people radiate that they like themselves.”
The daughter of a Co. Clare father and an American mother, Mullins is truly an inspiration for all of us who use the word “can’t” too often in our lives.
Elizabeth Murray
Artist
Elizabeth Murray arrived in New York from her native Chicago in the 1960s, and quietly ignored those who insisted that painting was dead. Her stubbornness paid off, and by the end of the 1970s she became “a symbol of the reinvigoration of painting,” according to The New York Times. Since then, her reputation has continued to grow, and a retrospective of her work was held in the late ’80s, touring the country before finally closing at New York’s Whitney Museum.
“Murray is know for her semi-abstract shaped canvases,” says ARTnews, while a New York Times critic called a recent show full of “fantastical and oddly elegant drawings…[which are] coolly, organically beautiful.” Murray’s maternal grandmother was from Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, and her mother’s family were of Scottish and Irish descent. Asked whether her Irish roots have influenced her in any way, Murray replied simply, “Decidedly.” She added: “My father’s family loved music and language. I grew up with relatives who spoke with a brogue and I loved it, although I did not love hearing about Ireland all the time. I finally visited there a few years ago and was very moved by its beauty. I almost felt as though its rough loveliness had always been something I loved in nature. I felt the land was somehow in my blood.”
Portrait of Elizabeth Murray (1986). Photograph by Robert Maplethorpe. © 1985 The Estate of Robert Maplethorpe used with permission courtesy of Peace Wildenstein.
Richard Neal
Congressman
With an impressive 25-year track record in the public service sector, Richard Neal has long been a valued supporter of Irish affairs and a tireless advocate for peace in Northern Ireland.
A native of Springfield, Massachusetts, Neal was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1988. Prior to that, he served for five years as mayor of Springfield, where he worked incessantly to develop economic, cultural and public works projects across the community. As mayor he also established a sister-city relationship between Springfield and Tralee, Co. Kerry.
As a congressman, Neal promptly joined the Friends of Ireland. In 1993, he began a series of Special Orders on the House floor which addressed the conflict in Northern Ireland.
When Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams first arrived in the U.S., after Neal had consistently lobbied President Clinton to grant a visa to the Northern politician, he hosted a reception for him in Springfield. By 1995, Neal had been appointed to serve as co-chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee on Irish Affairs.
Neal has been honored by the governments of Ireland, Israel and Italy. He is also known for his dedication to many civic, charitable, educational and labor organizations. He is married with four children.
Liam Neeson
Actor
From Michael Collins to Oscar Wilde, Liam Neeson seems to be steadily working his way through an Irish who’s who when it comes to choosing his acting roles.
The talented Ballymena man is preparing for an upcoming Broadway role as Wilde in The Judas Kiss, which will be seen first on the London stage. Neeson is also appearing in a screen adaptation of Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables, playing the role of Jean Valjean opposite Geoffrey Rush, Uma Thurman and Claire Danes. Last seen as “The Big Fellow” in Neil Jordan’s Michael Collins, Neeson received several awards for his spot-on performance, including Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, a Golden Globe Best Actor nomination and London’s Evening Standard Award for Best Actor.
In an acting career spanning almost 30 movies, Neeson has starred opposite Cher in Suspect; with Jessica Lange in Rob Roy; with Jodie Foster in Nell and with Meryl Streep in Before and After.
In Aine O’Connor’s 1997 book, Hollywood Irish: In Their Own Words, Neeson said of his native Northern Ireland: “I would love to see peace [there]. I think people on both sides of the community, Protestant and Catholic, have had enough. They’re sick, sore and tired of it…I have a feeling peace is going to happen in our lifetime.”
Jim Nicholson
Republican National Committee
As a small businessman and veteran of Republican politics at the local, state and national levels, Jim Nicholson was the obvious choice to chair the Republican National Committee (RNC). And such is his qualification for the position that when it came to a field of eight candidates, and a hotly contested, multi-ballot election, Nicholson emerged as the top dog, chosen with the unanimous support of the RNC.
Nicholson has served the GOP for over 20 years, and this period of dedication has been marked by an attentiveness to grass-roots politics combined with the utilization of state-of-the-art technology. To his newest position he brings a proven track record of success in strategic planning, management, fund-raising, grassroots organization and public speaking.
For the past ten years, Nicholson has been Colorado’s national committee man on the RNC, and during that time he held a variety of challenging leadership assignments including chairing the RNC’s Rules Committee, serving on the Budget Committee and representing the Western states as RNC vice-chairman.
Nicholson is an army veteran who served in Vietnam, for which period of duty he was awarded the Bronze Star, the Combat Infantry Badge, a Meritorious Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Vietnamese Cross for Gallantry and two Air Medals. He also has a master’s degree from Columbia University and a J.D. degree from the University of Denver.
Jack O’Brien
Irish Brigade Monument
It took eleven long years, but Maryland native Jack O’Brien, the son of Irish immigrants from Skibberreen and Tralee, finally saw his dream come true last October when a monument to the Union Army’s famous Irish Brigade was unveiled at the Antietam Battlefield in Sharpsburg, Maryland.
For years, O’Brien had labored on the project, assisted by Matthew Hannon of the Irish Cultural Society Foundation, and a team of other volunteers. The last memorial to the Irish soldiers who perished at the Battle of Antietam had been vandalized and removed by the parks service. O’Brien and Hannon noticed its absence in 1986, and realizing the enormous contribution made by the Irish during the American Civil War, and especially at Antietam, the two men decided to raise funds to build a new monument.
It was a slow, gradual process that finally saw the fund-raising reach the $170,000 mark necessary to erect a new memorial. Wick-low granite was lovingly sculpted by New York artist Ron Tunison to shape the impressive 10-foot-tall monument that now stands near the battlefield’s observation tower.
O’Brien, naturally, was “over the moon” on the day of the historic unveiling. Speaking to The Washington Post, he said: “We knew we could do it. We didn’t know how. But we knew there was a way…The men of the brigade earned the right to have a monument on the battlefield, and we just wouldn’t accept a bureaucrat’s no.”
The men he referred to were the five regiments, from New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, comprising the Irish Brigade, under the command of Water-ford-born Colonel Thomas F. Meagher, one of the Young Irelanders exiled to Van Diemens Land in the 1840s. The battle at Antietam on September 17, 1862 is described by historians as “the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.”
Thanks to the efforts of O’Brien and his fellow volunteers, the Irishmen slaughtered that day at Antietam will forever more be remembered by visitors to the Forgotten Irish Monument.
Soledad O’Brien
NBC News
It’s been a busy few years for Soledad O’Brien, who has moved from hosting a technology show to working as a news correspondent and substitute anchor.
O’Brien, who is of Irish, Cuban and African-American descent, started her broadcasting career as the producer of a weekly half-hour medical talk show at KISS-FM Radio in Boston.
Her first television break was also in Boston, as an associate producer and newswriter at WBZ-TV. In 1991, O’Brien moved to NBC News in New York, where she produced stories for “NBC Nightly News” and “Today.”
Posts at The Discovery Channel and KRON-T, in San Francisco, followed, and O’Brien subsequently hosted “The Site,” MSNBC’s daily, program about the technological revolution.
She currently reports for NBC’s “Nightly News” and “Dateline,” as well as being a substitute anchor for two weekend shows — “Nightly News” and “Today.”
At MSNBC, O’Brien anchors the news/talk show “Morning Blend.” She also contributes a weekly column to MSNBC.COM on technology.
O’Brien, who traces her Irish ancestors to Co. Cork says, “I have been blessed with a large family, and their support and great sense of humor even when the chips are down, has been instrumental in my life.”
Elizabeth O’Donnell
Ice Skater
Her career as a competitive ice skater began in 1958, and since 1976 Elizabeth O’Donnell has shared her love for the sport with thousands of blind and handicapped people.
The first few years of her prograin were difficult and funding proved almost impossible, but O’Donnell persevered and her organization, Skating Association for the Blind and Handicapped, Inc. (SABAH), now teaches 750 skaters each week at six rinks in western New York.
In response to interest from all over the country, O’Donnell has also established SABAH National, Inc. and the first SABAH chapter in Glens Falls, New York was duly up and running by late last year.
For over 20 years, O’Donnell has worked tirelessly to help improve the quality of life for people with physical abilities, and of all the rewards she has received, including recognition by President George Bush in 1990 as the 133rd Daily Point of Light, she says the most meaningful reward is the skater who joyfully realizes, “I can do it. I can skate!”
Her original designs of guide ropes and padding led O’Donnell to experiment with specially constructed teaching tools to meet the individual needs of each skater. In December 1997, an HBO production crew highlighted the work being done by SABAH, and the show aired several times earlier this year.
Rosie O’Donnell
Talk Show Host, Comedienne, Actress
She cried when her childhood idol Barbra Streisand appeared on her morning talk show, and couldn’t stop flirting with Tom Cruise when he stopped by, but Rosie O’Donnell’s show is more popular for its host than for its myriad of celebrity guests.
O’Donnell has revolutionized the American talk show, by opting to remain several notches above the trash TV level of her afternoon competitors, whose shows appear to exist only to dredge up the most bizarre anomalies of human behavior imaginable.
But Rosie, Rosie is our queen of talk TV. Smart, funny and with a down-to-earth approachable air, it’s little wonder that people are glued to their sets while she is on. Us magazine memorably referred to her in a recent interview as a “talk-show St. Patrick who drove the snakes of trash TV from the land.”
O’Donnell made her motion picture debut six years ago in the well-received A League of Their Own, and she went on to star in such comedies as Sleepless in Seattle with Meg Ryan; Another Stakeout with Richard Dreyfuss; Beautiful Girls with Uma Thurman and Timothy Hutton; and The Flintstones with John Goodman. She also played a mean Rizzo in a recent Broadway revival of Grease. O’Donnell is also a devoted mom to son Parker and new daughter Chelsea Belle. Partly raised in Ireland after the death of her mother from cancer, O’Donnell speaks fondly of her time there, and still vividly remembers the distinctive taste of Irish candy and potato chips.
Brian O’Dwyer
Lawyer
As an advocate for human rights, Brian O’Dwyer was the leader of a successful campaign to open the City University of New York (CUNY) to undocumented aliens. He has worked closely with both the Mayor’s and the Governor’s offices of immigrant affairs on Irish community matters.
In the causes he champions, O’Dwyer is following in the famous footsteps of his father and uncle before him — Paul O’Dwyer the renowned civil rights advocate, and Bill O’Dwyer, former Mayor of New York.
O’Dwyer was appointed Commissioner of the New York City Commission on Human Rights from 1993-`96 and he is also a member of the National Democratic Ethnic Coordinating Committee. He was national co-chairman in 1992 and `96 of Irish Americans for Clinton-Gore, and accompanied President Clinton on his 1995 trip to Ireland.
Born in New York City, O’Dwver is a panner in the law firm of O’Dwyer &Bernstien, a medium sized litigation firm in the city, specializing in labor, medical malpractice, personal injury, civil rights and immigrants’ rights.
He was cited by both the National Law Journal and Legal Times as having the highest personal injury award in the U.S. for 1994. O’Dwyer has received special citations from former New York Governor Mario Cuomo at the New York City Council for his work with immigrant groups. He is the Grand Marshal of the 1998 Rockaway St. Patrick’s Day Parade. O’Dwyer’s father emigrated to the U.S. from Bohola, Co. Mayo.
Joseph O’Hare
President, Fordham
The Reverend Joseph O’Hare, S.J. has been president of Fordham University since July 1984. Prior to that he was editor-in-chief of America, the weekly journal of opinion published by the Jesuits of the United States and Canada, and he was also president of America Press, Inc.
In 1997, Fordham welcomed the largest freshman class in its history, and the Jesuit-run school was also named by U.S. News &World Report as one of the nation’s best value educations, and the top value among Catholic universities.
As president, O’Hare has remained committed to the historic relationship the University has had with the Irish American community. In 1995, he hosted the first-ever public debate between Sinn Féin and the Ulster Unionist Party. That same year, then Irish President Mary Robinson delivered the 150th commencement address at Fordham and an honorary degree was awarded to U.S. Ambassador to Ireland, Jean Kennedy Smith.
In 1986, O’Hare was named Educator of the Year by the Emerald Society and the New York City Board of Education. In 1987, he received the American Irish Historical Society’s Gold Medal.
In 1997, Fordham University established its Institute of Irish Studies to promote scholarly interest in Msh history, society and culture and to serve as a springboard for undergraduate and graduate programs in Irish studies.
Stella O’Leary
Political Activist
Irish Americans for a Democratic Victory (IADV) may be less than two years old, but the organization is already making a substantial impact in the cutthroat world of politics. This is due in no small part to the consistent hard work of Dublin native Stella O’Leary who, along with Gayan man Tom Halton, founded IADV in 1996, inspired, she says, by President Clinton’s peace initiatives in Ireland.
O’Leary started her life in the U.S. as a librarian at the Catholic University of America. Having graduated from the School of Library Science at University College Dublin, O’Leary spent her time in the world of academia, until her introduction to the political sphere.
Sponsored by a large grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, she co-authored with Professor Thomas Halton a book entitled Classic Scholarship: An Annotated Bibliography (New York, 1983).
The aim of IADV is to support Irish American Democratic candidates for national and state office. In the short period since it was established, the committee has had a major impact on Capitol Hill as a strong and visible presence representing Irish interests.
The committee produces a glossy, lively political magazine, The lrish American Democrat, and provides a variety of promotional products and services to candidates nationwide.
Mark O’Meara
Golfer
Mark O’Meara enjoyed a “brilliant start” to his 1997 season, according to the official website of the PGA Tom; but this fact will not surprise golf fans who have always known the North Carolina native to be a true pro.
O’Meara was 13 when he took up th’e game of golf, almost by accident — his family moved to California to a house situated above a golf course.
In the past 16 years he has won 14 tournaments and four Ryder Cups. On the international field, he has six victories, including the 1992 Tokai Classic, the 1986 Australian Masters and the 1994 Argentine Open.
He may have played on almost every course worth playing, but O’Meara is no stranger to Irish shores and he and his father have played recreational golf at both Ballybunion and Dromoland. “Every time we go to Ireland, before we leave, we always start to plan our next trip,” says his father.
O’Meara lives with his wife Alicia and their two sons, Shaun and Robert, in Windermere, Florida. In his spare time, he continues to fund-raise for his friend and long-term caddie Donny Wanstall, who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis during the 1994 Players Championship.
Michael O’Neill
Children’s Volunteer
It is perhaps Michael O’Neill’s fond memories of childhood camping trips spent with his extended family in Tuam, Co. Galway that spurred him on to become involved with an agency that sends disadvantaged kids to summer camp. Whatever the reason, O’Neill’s consistent efforts as the executive director of Kids With A Promise are proving to be a godsend for hundreds of children who would never otherwise have firsthand experience of vacations.
Kids With A Promise was founded over 100 years ago, with the goal of sending “tenement waifs” on a summer outing to where there was fresh air, food and some loving attention. Today, the Mont Lawn Camp in Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains continues to be a haven for some of New York City’s worst-off children.
O’Neill turned his back on a human resources career in the business world to join the volunteer service sector in 1993, and to this end he recently completed a graduate certificate program at the Institute for Not-for-Profit Management of Columbia University’s Graduate School of Business.
As well as the summer camp facility, Kids With A Promise, under the direction of O’Neill, also offers after-school educational assistance and mentoring programs. Says O’Neill: “It is my prayer that years from now, children who were part of Kids With A Promise will say: `We reflect the love, education and spiritual training given to us. We are in business, law, medicine and the ministry. We occupy high seats in government and are skilled artisans, scientists and artists.
“`We are a solid influence on America today and have played a brave part in the moral, political and spiritual recovery of the family, New York City, America and the world. As children we received a promise — our children reflect that promise.'”
Tom O’Neill
Journalist
For eight years. Tom O’Neill joined many other Irish immigrants and descendants as a horse and carriage driver in New York’s Central Park. He has since traded the peaked cap and reins for a word processor and frequent flyer miles, jetting around the country to interview stars such as Anthony Hopkins and Samuel Jackson for US magazine, where he is contributing editor.
O’Neill’s work has also appeared in Premiere, New York, The Village Voice, The Philadelphia Inquirer and the New York Daily News.
Known for his hard-hitting interview style, he recently got fellow Top 100 recipient, actor Liam Neeson, to admit on the record that his mother-in-law Vanessa Redgrave was a better fly-fisherman than he.
O’Neill won an Exceptional Media Merit Award item the National Women’s Political Caucus and Radcliffe College in 1995 for “The Incredible Shrinking Women of Saturday Night Live,” a searing examination of 20 years of sexual discrimination at the NBC institution. He’s also written investigative pieces about Tibetan Buddhism in Hollywood, the daytime talk show wars and the “Brownface casting” of Anglo actors in Latino motion picture roles.
As fiercely proud of his mother’s Italian heritage as he is of his father’s Irish ancestry, O’Neill jokes that his career change from horse and carriage driver was a trade of “respectability for commerce.”
Raised in the Philadelphia suburb of Rosemount and educated at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota and New York University, O’Neill currently resides in New York and Los Angeles. His paternal grandfather, Harry P. O’Neill, the son of Irish immigrants from Counties Mayo and Cork, served as a U.S. Congressman representing the mining district of Scranton. O’Neill’s brother, William, a 1995 recipient of an Irish America Top 100 award, is a human rights lawyer.
Gregory Peck
Actor
It would have been a serious loss to the acting world had Gregory Peck followed his first career choice in the field of medicine. Luckily, the young pre-med student at University of California at Berkeley “couldn’t cut it with the science and mathematics,” so he switched to languages, joined a drama society, and the rest, as they say, is history.
Born Eldred Gregory Peck to a first-generation Irish American father who was partly raised in Kerry, Peck grew up heating stories of his father’s Irish childhood, and in an interview with Irish America last year he admitted to having “a little fantasy dream about having a cottage there.”
Pecks grandmother Katherine Ashe, a native of Dingle, Co. Kerry, was related to Irish patriot Thomas Ashe, who was a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and died in prison after force-feeding while on hunger strike.
A distinguished movie career spanning 40 years and encompassing 55 films has made Peck one of the most recognizable legends of the silver screen, right up there with Cary Grant and Jimmy Stewart. Critically acclaimed performances in such gems as To Kill a Mockingbird, for which Peck received an Academy Award in 1962, and Roman Holiday, ensured his place in the film history books.
Less well-known is Peck’s devotion to a myriad of charitable and educational causes. His work on behalf of the American Cancer Society raised $50 million for the organization, while in recent years he has established a number of film scholarships at University College Dublin.
Peck is a recipient of the Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award, and the Kennedy Medal of Honor. At 81, he is still as busy as ever, and his most recent project was a cameo role in Moby Dick, filmed in Melbourne for the USA Network. This marked Peck’s second appearance in a production of the Herman Melville classic — his first, as Captain Ahab in 1956, was under director John Huston.
George Pataki
Governor
Soon after defeating the supposedly unbeatable Mario Cuomo in New York’s 1994 gubernatorial election, George Pataki told one of his colleagues that he would have to get used to the fact that he belonged in the governor’s mansion in Albany. It is his genial, down-to-earth demeanor that won the support of New Yorkers along the campaign trail.
A native of Peekskill, New York, Pataki is a 1967 graduate of Yale and a 1970 graduate of Columbia Law School.
Pataki was elected to the State Assembly in 1984 and was named “State Legislator of the Year” by the Environmental Planning Lobby. He was elected to the Senate in 1992, and during his tenure chaired the Senate Ethics Committee.
Pataki’s Irish heritage is on his mother’s side, and is evidenced in his sense of hospitality, as he frequently opens the governor’s mansion to guests of all persuasions.
He has also recently moved into the national spotlight for spearheading the appeal to Congress to restore some of the benefits taken away from legal immigrants under recent welfare laws.
Pataki’s concern for and identification with the immigrant population of New York was also evident during the Republican convention in San Diego, when the GOP was trying to pass a platform that called for Congress to deny citizenship to the children of undocumented aliens.
Pataki put a quick stop to that motion, saying: “My grandmother came over from Ireland on her sister’s papers.” As the Daily News noted, if the Republicans had got their way, they would have had to deport the governor of New York — the descendant of an illegal alien. Pataki and his wife Libby have two sons and two daughters.
Brother Edward Phelan
Highbridge Community Life Center
The Highbridge Community Life Center is a not-for-profit, community-based organization that provides a wide range of educational and social services to low-income, mostly single parent families living in the shadows of Yankee Stadium.
Historically, Highbridge was an enclave of young Irish immigrant families, and while the faces may look a little different today, the hopes and dreams of the families recently immigrated to America are very much the same.
The center’s mission is to enable the residents of the Highbridge community to take more complete charge of their own lives and to empower them to use their new-found strength to improve the lives of their families and neighbors.
As the center’s director, Brother Ed Phelan has initiated many exciting developments in Highbridge such as its partnership with United Parcel Service to train local residents for entry-level jobs at UPS.
A De La Salle Christian Brother, Br. Phelan grew up in Brooklyn, the son of a New York police officer. He has spent the last 30 years of his life living and working within one square mile of the South Bronx. Br. Phelan began his work with the poor when he was assigned to teach at St. Augustine’s Parish in the South Bronx.
Since then he has worked as a school principal, college teacher and administrator, and literacy teacher. In 1978, he founded a community of Brothers in which the members live a simple lifestyle among the poor they serve.
He has also been active with other organizations in Highbridge to found the Highbridge Woodycrest Center for Persons with AIDS, the Highbridge Communicare Clinic, and the Highbridge Heights Unity Center. Br. Phelan obviously speaks from experience when he says, “If poor people are to be helped, assisted, or educated they must be first listened to very carefully.”
Brother Phelan’s collection of degrees is evidence of his commitment to life-long learning. He received his bachelor’s degree from the Catholic University of America and his master’s and doctorate in Urban Education from Fordham University. In 1997, he received an honorary degree, Doctor of Pedagogy, from Manhattan College.
Regis Philbin
Talk Show Host
An industry veteran, Regis Philbin is currently enjoying his greatest career success yet as host of the popular morning talk show “LIVE with Regis and Kathie Lee.” Philbin has enjoyed more success with more talk shows than possibly any other individual on television. A native of the Bronx, New York, and a graduate of Notre Dame University, he began his career in show business as a page at NBC, where his responsibilities included ushering guests to their seats for The Tonight Show.
His very first talk show was “The Regis Philbin Show” on KGTV-TV in San Diego. Here he developed the routine that would become his trademark “host chat.” From “The Regis Philbin Show” to “LIVE” he has earned his share of Emmys.
Philbin’s success includes a continuing role as the host of the annual international telecast of the Miss America Pageant, an acclaimed concert act with “LIVE” co-host Kathie Lee Gifford, popular solo appearances as a nightclub performer and regular cohosting roles for the national broadcasts of the Wait Disney Christmas and Easter parades, as well as the Indianapolis 500.
Philbin has also appeared in numerous network series, including “Mad About You,” “Seinfeld,” “Cosby Mysteries,” and “Hope and Gloria.” But his talents are by no means limited to performing. He is an accomplished writer as well, having authored the best-selling book, I’m Only One Man.
Philbin is a frequent visitor to Ireland. He and his wife Joy live in Manhattan and Connecticut. They have two grown daughters, Joanna and Jennifer.
Pat Riley
Miami Heat
In just two seasons, Pat Riley has accomplished something more significant than earning his third NBA Coach of the Year honor: he has dramatically altered the fortunes of the entire Miami Heat, elevating a once forgotten franchise to the upper echelon of the NBA’s best.
Riley’s achievements last season were impressive: his third NBA Coach of the Year honor with his third NBA team, an unprecedented feat in NBA history; the 1997 Atlantic Division Championship; Coach of the Month for December, the best record in Heat history, five consecutive winning months and the list goes on.
As a collegian, Riley helped lead the University of Kentucky Wildcats to the NCAA Championship in 1967. He earned his first NBA Championship ring with the 1971-72 Los Angeles Raiders. He went on to become head coach of the Lakers
Before joining the Heat, Riley spent four seasons as the head coach of the New York Knicks, leading them to the NBA Finals in 1993 and three consecutive Atlantic Division titles in his first three years.
Along with his wife, Chris, Riley is involved with numerous charity and community service projects.
Their work in South Florida has extended to the hugely successful Heat Family Festival that raised money for the Battered Women’s Shelter and Jackson Memorial Mobile Pediatric AIDS Unit. They are also active in S.A.D.D. and Amnesty International. Riley serves on the Board of Directors of the Magic Johnson AIDS Foundation.
As if that wouldn’t keep him busy enough, he is also one of the most sought-after motivational speakers in the country and he has authored two books, Showtime and The Winner Within. He has two children, James Patrick (12), and Elisabeth Marie (9).
Richard Riley
Education Secretary
Washington Post columnist David Broder has called Dick Riley one of the “most decent and honorable people in public life,” while David Warren, president of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, said Riley is the embodiment of “how good character can create power.
In 1992, President Clinton chose Riley as U.S. Secretary of Education after the South Carolina native won national recognition for his highly successful effort to improve education in his horne state.
During Clinton’s first term in office, Riley helped launch historic initiatives to raise academic standards; to improve instruction for the poor and disadvantaged; to expand loans to help more Americans go to college; and to improve teaching. He also helped to create the Partnership for Family Involvement in Education, which today includes over 4,000 groups.
In his second term as Education Secretary, Riley has helped win a major ruling by the F.C.C. to give schools and libraries deep discounts for Internet access and telecommunications services. His goals now include voluntary national tests to help ensure that all students master the basics of reading and math.
Riley graduated from Furman University in 1954, and served two years with the U.S. Navy. In 1959, he received a law degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law. He also served as a state representative and senator from 1963 to 1977. In 1978, he was elected governor of South Carolina. Riley and his wife Ann have four children and eight grandchildren.
Dan Rooney
Pittsburgh Steelers
Dan Rooney made a most unusual contribution to Irish tourism last summer when he loaned out his Pittsburgh Steelers team for an Irish sporting extravaganza game against the Chicago Bears in Dublin’s Croke Park, the home of Gaelic games in Ireland.
It was not the first time Dublin had seen American football played live; the Fighting Irish had played the Navy team the previous year, but for Dan Rooney, it was a welcome trip home.
His grandfather had emigrated to the U.S. from Newry, Co. Down, and now decades later, Rooney was bringing it all back home. The team, founded by Rooney’s father Art in 1933, the year after Dan was born, remains one of only three family-owned teams left in the NFL. Rooney has been involved with the Pittsburgh Steelers for 43 years. He was appointed president in 1975.
Bringing the game to Ireland may not have been hugely profitable, but that, says Rooney, was never the aim.
“I will lose money on this but I was never looking to make money,” he said shortly before the July 27 game. “I just want to do something to promote modern Ireland in a positive way.”
Rooney has a deep interest in Irish affairs, and numbers Tony O’Reilly and Northern Irish politicians John Hume and Seamus Mallon among his close friends.
Among his civic activities, Rooney serves on the board of the United Way, the American Diabetes Association, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the American Ireland Fund. He and his wife Patricia (née Regan) have nine children.
Tim Russert
Meet the Press
As moderator of the hit NBC television show, Meet the Press, Tim Russert has had the opportunity to grill just about every politician you can imagine — from George Bush to Ross Perot, and not omitting the Democrats. And grill them he does; Russert is definitely not a believer in soft-soaping the nation’s political leaders.
A native of Buffalo, New York, Russert also contributes to NBC Nightly News and the Today Show as a political analyst. For CNBC, he anchors Tim Russert, a weekly program that examines the role of the media in American society, and he is a contributing anchor to MSNBC Cable. Russert also serves as a senior vice president and Washington Bureau Chief of NBC News.
Russert’s first on-air appearance for NBC was in 1990, and one year later he took over the helm of Meet the Press. Since then, the broadcast has become the most-watched Sunday morning public affairs program.
Russert joined NBC News in 1984, and during 1986 and `87, he led the program’s week-long broadcasts from South America, Australia and China. He has lectured at more than 30 colleges, universities, and other institutions around the country, including Harvard, Yale, Tufts, Columbia and the John E Kennedy Presidential Library.
A graduate of John Carroll University and the Cleveland Marshall College of Law, Russert is married to writer Maureen Orth and they have one son.
Jim Ryan
TV Host
The genial face of Jim Ryan is what most people in the New York area see when they turn to Fox 5 in the morning. His instantly recognizable smile has been appearing above the “Good Day New York” logo for ten years now, and Ryan is as invigorating as that early morning dose of caffeine.
A journalist since the age of 17, Ryan began his career as a copy boy for The Associated Press. Following graduation from Manhattan College, he reported for the wire services for eight years, eventually becoming city night editor. His next career move was to the New York Daily News where he did both general assignment and investigative reporting, finally being promoted to city editor of Brooklyn.
Ryan’s television career took off in 1974 when he joined WNBC-TV as executive editor. Four years later, he was on the other side of the camera for the first time as an investigative reporter. In 1985, Ryan joined Fox 5/WNYW as political reporter for “The Ten O’Clock News.”
Throughout his distinguished career, Ryan has earned much recognition for both outstanding achievement and community service. He is most proud of the Eleanor Roosevelt Humanitarian Award bestowed upon him by The League for the Hearing Impaired.
Ryan has also won The Polk Award for Metropolitan Reporting; a Drew Pearson Foundation Prize for Investigative Reporting; three Page One awards for Crusading Journalism, Political Coverage and Community Reporting; and a Civil Service Merit Council Award for a report on abuses in government hiring practices.
He has also been honored for community service with the Great Irish Fair Round Tower Award; the NYPD Emerald Society’s “Man of the Year” Award in 1991; and this magazine has featured him in the Top 100 three times in the past eight years.
General Michael Ryan
Air Force Chief of Staff
General Michael Ryan’s appointment in October of last year as chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force was quite an achievement on its own merit, but the fact that his father had held the same position was even more remarkable — and a first for the history of the Air Force.
But military duty in the Irish American Ryan family dates back even further; the family history recounts the tale of at least one descendant. who died during the American Civil War. So Ryan was perhaps following a predetermined career path when he chose the U.S. Air Force Academy, duly graduating in 1965 with a bachelor of science degree.
He proceeded to hold a variety of command posts, and also served in staff assignments at the major command level. He has a total of 3,400 flight hours, including 149 combat missions.
Before assuming his current position, the general was commander of the U.S. Forces in Europe and commander of the Allied Air Forces Central Europe, headquartered at Ramstein Air Base in Germany.
Ryan’s responsibilities as chief of staff include the organization, training and equipage of 750,000 active duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian forces serving in the U.S. and overseas.
As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he functions as a military adviser to the secretary of defense, the National Security Council and the President.
Norbert Sander
Sports Doctor
Through his practice of sports medicine, Dr. Norbert Sander realized the vital role that sport plays in one’s personal and professional happiness. To this end, Sander helped transform the once vibrant Fort Washington Armory running track from a homeless shelter back into the stellar track it had been. By the late 1980s, the Armory housed about 1,100 homeless men every night. After these men were rehoused in other shelters, the track was as good as destroyed, but even this blow did not step Sander.
A former running star at Fordham Prep and Fordham University, Sander won the fourth New York City Marathon, and in his opinion, the benefit of regular sporting exercise cannot be over-estimated. Thanks to his tireless efforts in raising over $400,000, the Armory track has now been restored as a premier indoor track and field venue and is used on a weekly basis by thousands of city teenagers. The track was finally re-dedicated in January of this year.
Sander, who is Irish on his mother’s side, practices sports medicine on City Island and on Manhattan’s Upper East Side. Sander’s great-grandfather, Dennis Carrol, from Wexford fought for the New York Irish Brigade in the Civil War of 1861-1865.
Jean Kennedy Smith
U.S. Ambassador to Ireland
Her term of office is due to finish up later this year, but Jean Kennedy Smith must be commended for having done an outstanding job as U.S. Ambassador to Ireland for the past four years.
A member of the most famous American political dynasty of all time, Kennedy Smith was certainly following in her father’s footsteps when she chose the diplomatic field — Joseph Kennedy was Ambassador to Britain, and her appointment made them the first father/daughter combination to serve as ambassadors in U.S. diplomatic history.
Kennedy Smith has garnered praise from all sides during her highly successful tenure as Ambassador to Ireland. Earlier this year, former Ambassador to Britain Raymond Seitz criticized Kennedy Smith in his memoirs, but other politicians, including president Clinton, were quick to defend her, and the White House said her record on the job spoke for itself.
Kennedy Smith takes her role very seriously, and she has always taken a deep interest int he ongoing effort for peace in Northern Ireland. Representatives of parties involved in the peace negotiations, whatever their affiliation, have always been welcome in Kennedy Smith’s Phoenix Park residence in Dublin, and she uses her good office whenever possible to help in the peace effort.
She also manages to find the time to work with various charities and other worthy causes, including that of the mentally handicapped. She accompanied her brother, President John F. Kennedy, on his historic visit to Ireland in 1963, and also hosted a St. Patrick’s Day reception for then Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Sean Lemass at the White House — filling in for her sister-in-law Jackie who was pregnant at the time.
Brendan Shanahan
Hockey Player
Brendan Shanahan began his NHL career with New Jersey in the 1987-`88 season, before signing with St. Louis in 1991. He was subsequently traded to Hartford, and then to the Detroit Red Wings in 1996. Aged only 29, Shanahan is arguably the best — and toughest — at his right-wing position in the world.
During the 1996-`97 season, Shanahan finished first in overall team scoring, first in goals, second in assists, first in power-play goals, first in game-winning goals, and first in shorthanded goals.
Shanahan’s father Donal was from Co. Cork and his mother Rosaleen hails from Belfast. They immigrated to Canada during the 1950s, where they met at an Irish dance in Toronto. They were married five years later. Four sons followed, the youngest of whom is Brendan. When Shanahan was in the ninth grade, his father was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Describing a family trip to Ireland when Brendan was 16, he says: “That trip was the first time I kissed the Blarney Stone,, and the last time my father did.”
Donal Shanahan died when his son was in his third season with the New Jersey Devils, but to this day; according to Sports Illustrated magazine: “During the [we-game] national anthem, Shanahan crosses himself, recites an Our Father and follows with, `Dad, watch over me. Let me play my best. Take care of me.'” A hockey player who loves to read literature, Shanahan’s favorite poem is “When You Are Old” by W.B. Yeats.
Shanahan chaired a Red Wing charity drive to help in Alzheimer’s disease research. He has a lively sense of humor, occasionally lacing media directory biographies with fictional pursuits such as pro soccer, rancher, saxophone player and actor (part in Forrest Gump).
Mike Shanahan
Broncos Coach
The New York Daily News described him as “a terrific coach,” which quickly turned out to be the most appropriate three word description going when his Denver Broncos creamed the Green Bay Packers in this year’s Super Bowl.
Eight years ago, Shanahan lost his job as coach for the Raiders, but the last laugh is his as his team celebrates their victory in the biggest football competition of the year.
In his days as a college player at Eastern Illinois, Shanahan nearly died after he was hit hard during a game. He suffered a ruptured kidney which was subsequently removed during surgery. He immediately started coaching, and is currently on his third go-round with the Broncos, having previously spent three years as the 49ers’ offensive coordinator.
Shanahan’s philosophy for survival in the cut-and-thrust world of sport is simple: “You have to believe in yourself and keep fighting,” he says. “If you don’t believe in yourself, you’ll never make it in this business.” Shanahan plays golf in his spare time, a game he first became interested in when he was 20 years old. He is married with a daughter and a son. His great-grandparents hailed from Counties Cork and Mayo.
John T. Sharkey
MCI Communications
John Sharkey joined MCI Communications in 1986 to assist in designing and implementing their corporate Large Account program. MCI will merge with WorldCom Corporation this spring in the largest merger in business history, a $40 billion deal.
Sharkey began his career with Litton Industries, and later held positions with General Electric Company and the ROLM Corporation. He was involved with the start-up of a voice-messaging company in Silicon Valley in 1982 before joining MCI.
His roots trace back to Drumquin, Co. Tyrone. He is a board member of the American Ireland Fund, Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center and Belfast’s FLAX Trust. He is also on the board of Mutual of America Institutional Funds.
As a board member of the Ireland-U.S. Council for Commerce and Industry Sharkey delivered a speech in Belfast in late January on the internationalization of business, and the role the Council plays in Ireland, north and south. He also announced the opening of Council membership to the business communities in Northern Ireland and the Republic.
A native New Yorker, Sharkey majored in marketing management at Iona College and the Management Institute of New York University. He and his wife Helen live in New York City.
John Sweeney
President, AFL-CIO
John Sweenev isn’t one to waste time. On the day he was elected president of the AFL-CIO, he led an impromptu march up Manhattan’s Fashion Avenue protesting wages and work conditions in the garment industry.
Within weeks, he had established a multi-million-dollar fund to finance television and radio commercials, town rallies and telephone campaigns to hammer away at the evils of wage discrimination, job insecurity and union-busting corporations, criticizing the GOP’s candidates and the anti-organized-labor policies of a Republican Congress.
The son of immigrants from Leitrim, Sweeney grew up in the Bronx and studied economics at Iona College, working at a union job as a gravedigger to pay his way. Upon graduating he worked for IBM, but when the opportunity came to work with the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, Sweeney jumped at it, although it meant a cut in pay.
He went on to work for the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and was soon president of the New York janitors and building workers’ local. He was elected president of the International in 1980. At a time when union membership was shrinking, the SEIU, with Sweeney at the helm, doubled in size over a 15-year period. Sweeney’s union successes prompted other labor leaders to nominate him for the presidency of the AFL-CIO.
Sweeney has long been active in Irish affairs, participating in several Irish organizations. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the American Irish Historical Society, and in 1995 he accompanied President Clinton on his historic peace mission to Belfast and Dublin.
Eleanor Touhey Smith
Champion of Literacy
“Keep moving.” That’s the motto of librarian, author and public speaker Eleanor Touhey Smith. At the age of 88, this Irish American knows the benefits associated with a busy and productive life.
As a young public librarian in Portland, Oregon in the 1930s, Eleanor was one of the first to recognize the problems of adult illiteracy.
“It was the depth of depression and people came to the library seeking assistance in learning skills for a new job” she recalls. “It became obvious when they requested books about plumbing, bookkeeping, cooking and other skills that they were unable to read the texts. The writing was geared for adults who had at least an 8th grade reading level.”
Touhey Smith petitioned publishers to print adult publications that were simple in vocabulary but sophisticated in presentation and thought. She continued her quest for adult literacy as she moved about the country; eventually settling in New York, she joined Literacy Volunteers as a tutor. Through her dedication she eventually became president of Literacy Volunteers of America, New York Chapter, the largest in the country.
The recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Women’s National Book Association award for “Women Who Make a Difference in the World of Books” (previous winners were Eleanor Roosevelt and Pearl Buck), and the Phi Beta Kappa and Distinguished Librarian Award from the Brooklyn Public Library, Touhey Smith has served as president of almost every major library organization including the New York State Library Association, New York Library Club, Columbia University Alumnus Association of School of Library Service, and she was the first woman president of Book Sellers Association of New York.
She also made a name for herself as a book reviewer. Books on religion, philosophy and parapsychology became her specialty. She joined the American Society for Psychical Research and the Edgar Cayce Foundation, and eventually published Psychic People, a book about psychics. Two hundred thousand copies were sold. Her proudest achievement, however, is “The Eleanor Touhey Smith Award” given annually by Literacy Volunteers of America.
Touhey Smith’s maternal grandparents, the Lallys and the Fords, left Ireland during the potato famine. The Touheys came much lab er. “I love the Irish people. They have the best sense of humor, and no matter how ill I’m feeling or depressed I’m always able to cheer myself up. That’s the Irish in me.”
Jill O’Donnell-Tormey
Cancer Research Institute
Cancer is the one word guaranteed to strike fear into even the bravest heart, and it is Jill O’Donnell-Tormey’s job to re-educate people so they are able to visualize a glimmer of light at the end of the tunnel.
O’Donnell-Tormey has many responsibilities as executive director of the New York headquartered Cancer Research Institute (CRI), but it is her easy writing style in CRI help manuals such as What To Do If Cancer Strikes that makes her such a friend to cancer patients and their families. It was she who prompted CRI to establish its public information program.
Since becoming executive director of CRI in 1993, O’Donnell-Tormey has doubled the number of research grants awarded annually by the Institute, and she also serves as its resident scientist and spokesperson in addition to her administrative role.
She formerly worked as an instructor in the department of medicine in the division of hematology/oncology at the Cornell University Medical College, and also spent four years as a research associate in the department of cellular physiology and immunology at Rockefeller University where she received a CRI fellowship.
O’Donnell-Tormey’s father’s grandparents came from Co. Donegal, while her mother’s family came from Co. Cork. Her Irish ancestry, she says, has helped to develop her “single-minded drive, strong work ethic, sharp wit, keen tongue” and has enabled her “to lead a happy and successful life.” O’Donnell-Tormey is married with two daughters.
John Walsh
America’s Most Wanted
It’s every parent’s nightmare, and for John Walsh and his wife Revé, the nightmare became all too real when their six-year-old son Adam was abducted from a Florida shopping mall in 1981. Two weeks later, their son’s head was found in a Vero Beach canal but the rest of his body has never been recovered.
Since then, Walsh has devoted himself almost exclusively to children’s issues, giving up his job as a hotel executive to become a full-time lobbyist for a congressional act that calls for immediate investigation into any report of a missing child. That act was passed in 1982, and another Walsh-backed bill saw the establishment of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC).
As host of America’s Most Wanted, Walsh gets to do what he likes best, helping to catch the bad guys — the murderers, rapists and kidnappers who have managed to elude the police.
Since the show first hit the air in 1988, the viewing public have helped in almost 500 captures of known criminals as well as recovering over 20 missing children. A brief cancellation of the shiny resulted in almost 200,000 letters of protest from viewers, politicians and law enforcement agencies, leading Fox to quickly re-install Walsh and his show to the schedule.
Walsh lives in Washington, D.C. with his wife and their three children, born after Adam’s death. He is of Irish American descent, and in his recent book, Tears of Rage, Walsh described his mother’s family, the Callahans, as being “lace-curtain Irish.” His father’s family grew up “on Tipperary Hill in Syracuse, an Irish neighborhood where the traffic lights are green on top of red.”
Tim Welsh
Basketball Coach
Iona College had its share of the spotlight earlier this year after its Iona Gaels basketball team recorded a thrilling 83-82 overtime win against Siena. The victory came in Tim Welsh’s third year as coach of the team, and a jubilant Welsh described his team as having “a tremendous will to win and it showed.”
The win over Siena also means that Iona became the team to hold the longest winning streak in Division I at 15 games. Over the last two seasons, Welsh led the team to a 21-8 record (its first 20win season since 1984-5), a share of the Metro Atlantic
Athletic Conference regular season championship, the number one seed in the 1996 MAAC Tournament and a berth in the National Invitation Postseason Tournament, Iona’s first trip in postseason since 1985.
Coincidentally, Welsh’s career began in 1985 when he joined the Iona College staff as a volunteer assistant under then head coach Pat Kennedy. Following that season, he traveled to Florida State University as a member of Kennedy’s staff. He also served as assistant coach at Syracuse University, and helped the Orangmen to the final eight of the NCAA Tournament in 1990.
Welsh was selected as the recipient of the Peter A Carlesimo Award as the Metropolitan Area’s Division I Coach of the Year, and he has become the quickest Gael mentor to reach the 30 career win plateau, as he did so in just 45 starts. Welsh resides in Stamford, Connecticut.
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